IBM Centennial Presentation

IBM Centennial Presentation 2011

International Business Machines Corporation (commonly referred to as IBM) is a multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries. The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924.

IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware, middle ware and software, and offers hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. IBM is also a major research organization, holding the record for most patents generated by a business (as of 2016) for 23 consecutive years.[5] Inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, the UPC bar code, and dynamic random-access memory (DRAM).

Nicknamed Big Blue, IBM is one of 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average and one of the world's largest employers, with (as of 2016) nearly 380,000 employees. Known as "IBMers", IBM employees have been awarded five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrhDaAmn5Uw

History of Computers: Brief Summary (American Perspective)

Punch cards, known as Hollerith cards and IBM cards and originally invented by Herman Hollerith, are paper cards containing several punch holes that were punched by hand or machine to represent data that allowed different companies to store and access information by entering the card into the computer. It was the primary method of storing and retrieving data in the early 1990s.

References:

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=punch+card&safe=strict&espv=2&biw=1440&bih=809&site=webhp&tbm=isch&imgil=N2fNZIHlkPvqHM%253A%253B823TfzvE10nNnM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww.computerhistory.org%25252Frevolution%25252Fpunched-cards%25252F2&source=iu&pf=m&fir=N2fNZIHlkPvqHM%253A%252C823TfzvE10nNnM%252C_&usg=__qh594q-ES0GgDC3AjAGG9vkT2vs%3D&ved=0ahUKEwiLy46fqdLOAhWFOJQKHUTmDk0QyjcIQg&ei=aIW5V4v3FYXx0ATEzLvoBA#imgrc=N2fNZIHlkPvqHM%3A

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/punccard.htm

http://whatis.techtarget.com/reference/History-of-the-punch-card

Pirates of Silicon Valley

Pirates of Silicon Valley is a 110-minutes drama film directed and written by Martyn Burke, starring Noah Wyle as Steve Jobs, Anthony Michael Hall as Bill Gates, Joey Slotnick as Steve Wozniak, John DiMaggio as Steve Ballmer, and Josh Hopkins as Paul Allen. The film was originally released on June 20, 1999 and it explores the impact of the rivalry between the two founders of Apple Computer and Microsoft on the development of personal computers.

The film started with the flashback story of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in the University of Berkeley during the period of the Opposition of students to the US Government for their involvement in the Vietnam War. Wozniak then commented, as he was one of the narrators of the film, that "Steve Jobs was never like you or me. He always saw things differently." This just implies that Steve Jobs is not contented with what is known and obvious but also keen on making the impossible to possible. The film then turns to the flashback story of Bill Gates when he was still a student at Harvard University together with Steve Ballmer (CEO of Microsoft from 2000-2014 and now the owner of NBA Team Los Angeles Clippers) and high school friend Paul Allen who is co-founder of Microsoft alongside Bill Gates.

In summary, the film tells us the journey and struggles of two persons who contributed a lot to the revolution of computers. From a computer that is as big of three rooms and need a lot of people to operate to computer that is handy and can be carried anywhere you want. The films also tells us the different personality of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs in terms of business tactics and strategies. Steve Jobs is best known for his passion for perfection and demanded everyone to do the same, while Bill Gates have been considered anti-competitive. In sociological or psychological perspective, Steve Jobs is more of a Instrumental Leader who focuses on the completion of the tasks, whereas Bill Gates is a Expressive Leader who focuses on the well-being of others (Sociology, John Macionis). Though Bill Gates has been criticized for his tactics for years, you can say that his strategy could be considered as the best. He's not the World's Wealthiest People since 1995 for nothing.




References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Ballmer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Allen

History of Computers (BBC Documentary)

History of Computers - BBC Docu Film

The purpose of this blog post is to inform everyone the history of computers in accordance to BBC.

The following are the basic know what's of computers:

1. What was the original use of computers?

Computers are mainly used as tools to calculate various data.

2. What was the first generation electronic computer made of?

Programs written in simple codes, then converted to punch tapes and fed into the machine was originally used by Camp Bridge Machine to speed the actions of scientific calculations.

3. In World War II, what is the electronic digital computer used for?

Colossus, designed by Alan Turing, used to decode letters and broke many top secret messages unlike ENIAC during World War II.

4. What is the contribution of Allan Turing during the World War II?

Alan Turing, British Mathematician who is involved in cracking German’s code during the World War II, designed the Pilot Ace in 1946 and Lorenz, a machine that scrambled letter in a pattern way for communication purposes.

5. What is the name of the first commercial computer in US?

UNIVAC is made of vacuum tubes but too complex as people are required to understand and master Advanced Math and logic just to operate the machine.

6. Which company finally made the first commercial computer in US?

Eckert-Mauchly sold the machine to US Census Bureau to process population data, record keeping and accounting purposes for $350,270 in September 1946.

7. When did IBM enter the computer business and who was the main driver?

International Business Machine was originally keen on keep using the punch cards on tabulating data until 1951 when US Census Bureau, one of their customers, ordered UNIVAC machines. That’s why Thomas Watson Jr. decided to change IBM from inside out as the market clearly changed and enter the computer business and designed scientific computer rather than a commercial computer.

8. In UK, which company has the first computer for commercial use and which company manufactured it?

J. Lyons Company Limited, large scale food manufacturer and distributor, is the first ever company in UK who first ever used computer for commercial use in UK to keep track of their employees and products. But in 1947 there was no available computer to buy in London so J. Lyons decided to build their own computer with the help from a student in Campbridge University named Maurice Wilkes. This machine was named as LEO.

9. What are the social effects of using computers in factory and office automation?

UNIVAC was used to forecast the outcome of election in 1952 which simplified a lot of things.

10. When did Apple design the first personal computer?

11. When the mouse was designed?

12. What is ALTAIR 8800 and when did it appear in the market?

13. What is the contribution of Xerox in the evolution of computer?

14. When did IBM design the first personal computer and why it failed?

15. What was the major problem in the first generation personal computers?

16. What are the main features of Macintosh as compared with other personal computers in 1984?

17. What are the technological advancements, both in hardware and software, from the first generation electronic computers to the era of personal computers?

18. What is program?

19. How disable persons can be benefited from the computer technologies?